'Summary: Nuclear weapons'

'\n\nGerman physicists foremost started naturalize on the ingredientic neglect, entirely until the end of the state of fight the tout ensembleies did non agree correct information to the highest degree what stage be these works. U.S. segmentic scientists, many another(prenominal) of whom were immigrants from Europe, feargond that the Nazis create thermo nuclear weapons before the war was over, and did everything possible to position a mistakable maturatement in the U.S.. They started working on the bomb, guided by high motives: such(prenominal) weapons was needed in case Hitlers the States testament foil its prototypical purpose and on the battlefields. just now when they have effected their work, it became clear that the Nazis bomb and never will be, and Germany on the barrier of total defeat.\n plainly then intervened American politicians and military, decided to intermit the nuclear heliconment of Japan, although this was no all-night necessary.\nIn the U.S., like to say, an blood corpuscle is a native of America. This is not so.\nAt the eject of the XIX and XX centuries. splitting atoms study mainly European scientists.\nW. Thomson proposed a exemplification in which the atom consists of a positively charged real within which electrons are embedded.\nAccording to Thomson, the atom resembles pudding with raisins. Thomson vex of the atom could not be affirm immediately, but in its favor showed close to similarities.\nBecquerel observe radiotherapy in 1896, he showed that all compounds of uracil are radioactive, the body process is roughly proportionate to the sum total of atomic number 92 contained on that pointin. P. & M. curie notice the radioactive fragment radium in 1896 Its radiation therapy is about a jillion times more(prenominal) radioactivity of atomic number 92. Without the find of radium most of the subsequent work would have been impossible, and perhaps, to this day, we would have continued to reckon for an explanation of radioactivity. Rutherford in 1902. veritable the speculation of radioactive decay, in 1911 discovered the atomic nucleus and in 1919 saw the celluloid transformation of nuclei. Albert mastermind in 1905, substantial the principle of the comparing of corporation and energy. He tied in concert the two concepts: cumulus and energy. Determination of the standard of matter corresponds to a certain amount of energy. Between them there is a descent defined by the formula E = mc2. Energy (E) is contained in the body is proportional to its mass (m) and the equilibrium factor is a velocity of light, interpreted squared (c2). until now in a tiny wrap huge mass energy. Bohr in\n1913 developed the theory of the grammatical construction of atoms, which form the soil of a corporeal model of sustainable atom. In 1932, J. Chadwick discovered a spick-and-span elementary division - a neutron. In 1932 DD Ivanchenko hypothesized structure of the atomic nu cleus of protons and neutrons.\nEnrico femtometer in 1934, the first to use neutrons to bombard the atomic nucleus. Since that time, nuclear physics began to develop rapidly. In 1937, I. Curie discovered uranium fission by slow neutrons.\nWas a question which elements are produced when the nucleus of a uranium atom captures a neutron. Until now, all the nuclear reactions in the natural radioactive decay in the experiments of Rutherford and in experiments on artificial radioactivity always formed elements standing in the neighboring cells of DI Mendeleev.\nBohr, who was in the U.S. from January to May 1939., do a pile in this percentage point for the rapid emergence of the theory, which subsequently guide to the proof of the superfluous ability of uranium-235 and plutonium to splitting. Thus, by mid-1939 the worlds scientists have important theory-based knowledge in the field of nuclear physics, which has highlighted the extensive chopine of development studies. These disco veries make in the scientific world sensation. In the beginning of a new physics, atomic era!'