Invisibility of Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Invisibility of Nursing - Essay ExampleFocus of development and adoption of standard clinical bourninology is to enhance tone of voice in the field of nursing through terminologies that argon established apply tried and tested methods reducing effort through avoidance of wheel reinvention compatibility by integrating of data gathered from different source systems, and great coherence and convergent mechanism between terminologies. The American Nurses Association (ANA) is responsible for standardizing nursing terminologies and coordinating mingled minimum data sets in the United States of America. Nursing Practice Information Infrastructure (CNPII), a committee for ANA, evaluates the data sets in sum total to standardized terminologies that are submitted to them, to check whether they are in accordance to certain criteria (ANA, 2012). This criterion includes, terminology development is clinically useful and that the terms are not ambiguous in addition to being clear. The Interna tional Health Terminology Standards Development Organization (IHTSDO) is an international organization, which in non-profit and it is based in Denmark. The organization owns, acquires, and administers rights to SNOMED CT in addition to other related standards and health terminologies. IHTSDO purpose is to develop, promote, maintain and enable the correct uptake and use of its terminology products around the world. The organization improves health of human sweet through nurturing development and use of standardized clinical terminologies. This enables accurate, safe and effective exchange of health related and clinical information. Several advantages of using standardized terminologies go on for direct care nurses. There is better communication among nurses and other health care providers. Using standardized nursing... This paper approves that various challenges arise in using standardized terminologies. Constraints arise on what is achievable and desirable. A lot of communication is health care will be informal. This includes written comments and conversations that are meant for short term purposes. The challenge here is to draw a line where to justify feasibility and desirability of formalization. Granularity is another issue. The level of details to be used in standardized language is a challenge. Relevance of details in the language is arguable on matters of functionality, for current or future use of the standardized terminologies. This try out makes a conclusion that development and adoption of standard clinical terminology, also adds value in healthy policy decision making. NMDS is essential when it comes to Medical treatment Effectiveness Program. This is a program that is funded by the federal government and its sole purpose is to demonstrate the procedures that are most effective in production of quality client outcomes. This is enabled through a standardized nursing language through NMDS. The federal government is able to make decisions on health y policy issues such as, effective nursing care, based on nursing data on NMDS. Another area on decision making on healthy issues is, the prospective payment for home healthcare. Through NMDS, data can be retrieved and used for prospective payment systems that can account for variances in the cost of care providence to clients in home stings.

Crucial Years in Terms of Slavery Research Paper

Crucial Years in Terms of Slavery - Research Paper practice sessionFrom this paper it is clear that antislavery Society that was formed in 1835 continued to support abolishment of slavery throughout the years 1840-1850, but the southerners continued the trading of slaves. From 1840 to 1850, the swerve of slavery got so much fame as a number of events took place that took the attention of authorities. A number of legislations were passed in support of slaves.This discussion highlights that slave interchange continued to exist and slaves were required to work for 17 to 18 hours per day with very less comfort hours. Slaves had no rights and were not allowed to vote. Slaves support in the teaching of America as an industrial and capitalist state with no human living rights. Northerners felt that slavery can be regarded as a irony on American values and beliefs. Voters in slave holding states regarded slavery as advantageous for the white population in terms of scrimping and liberty . However, efforts were make to prevent slavery from spreading to new states. Nevertheless, slaves were traded and they did labor on plantations. The years from 1850 to 1860 are very crucial in terms of abolishing slavery as southerners were downstairs great pressure to free their slaves under certain passed legislations. In 1850s, Kansas-Nebraska Act got passed in 1854 due to which, violence got erupted. This solution was unacceptable for the black slaves as whites had greater rights with continuity of slavery on many territories.... Voters in slave holding states regarded slavery as advantageous for the white population in terms of economy and liberty. However, efforts were made to prevent slavery from spreading to new states. Nevertheless, slaves were traded and they did labor on plantations. (1850-1860) The years from 1850 to 1860 are very crucial in terms of abolishing slavery as southerners were under great pressure to free their slaves under certain passed legislations. In 1 850s, Kansas-Nebraska Act got passed in 1854 due to which, violence got erupted. This solution was unacceptable for the black slaves as whites had greater rights with continuity of slavery on many territories. Increased ratio of required slaves on cotton plantations increased slave trade and till 1860, there were 4 million slaves. Work on cotton plantations was severe and workers were required to put in extra effort due to which, the workers were punished harshly. Antislavery movements and incidents took place that supported the cause of abolition. The elections in 1860 resulting in the presidency of Abraham Lincoln supported the prevention of slavery in new states. Violence on Blacks got augmented that made Blacks more(prenominal) revolutionary and rebellious against their masters. Blacks were aware of the laws passed in their interest adding to their interest and right of independence. (1830-1840) The years 1830 to 1840 are crucial in terms of southerners as well as for northern ers. In Boston, slavery banning newspaper such as Liberator got published and people starting feeling the adversity of slavery for their society. However, in the south, identifying the needs of the pastoral society, southerners starting getting involved in trading of slaves acquiring more than ever slaves for their cotton, tobacco and rice plantations.

Juvenile Justice- A Program Development and Design for the 21st Essay

Juvenile Justice- A Program Development and Design for the 21st Century - Essay ExampleTo carry out a strong procedure, clear criteria argon always applied to derive relevant information especially with regards to specific design techniques. In principle, the outcomes are based on notable conceptual framework. The major objectives are provided while designing a juvenile justice programme. This also ensures that proper usage of internationally accepted standards is put to the fore. The matter-of-fact evaluation also withdraws gaining the absolute results that include defining the core practical solutions to general criteria including consolidating all the working formulas. The program mulls juvenile justice program which ensures that childrens rights are protected at all times. In practice, this also implies that crime prevention mechanism is put in place to ensure adequacy in various contexts. While good practices are validly required, the concept of evaluation is thought to be fundamentally good and relevant for specific levels of management. The purpose of this program is to provide program evaluation process which would be relevant and applicable to juvenile justice. 1.1 Problem definition The programs are developed in order to adequately address specific needs. As such, juvenile justice programs are relevant because they are enshrined in a process aimed at controlling delinquent behavior. However, these involve prevention, reduction or elimination of these vices. Therefore, juvenile justice programs underscore various juvenile justice programs which are developed in order to reduce several(prenominal) levels of delinquency and also to ensure that certain attitudes related to this are controlled in order to reduce related risks. For example, the design of a program in the blackjack century the key aspects of underscoring juvenile justice is to define conflict resolution skills and improve the general perception of children. The problems related to juv eniles are numerous and the attention itself reflects constabulary enforcement agencies including the community, the judges and elected offices. From the level of the manager, it is important to collect data in order to establish proper mechanism and equally highlight possible trends relevant to the magnitude of the established data collection methods. According to problem identification, program managers are in a position to identify possible trends in areas that reflect possible juvenile justice control. The variety of processes required include law enforcement agencies that cover teenage pregnancy rates as well as children who are living below the poverty line. The instances that would define ways that involve getting relevant answers also involve attaining possible leadership controls and, as such, the procedure envisions improvements in terms of juvenile management. As the problem also involves getting interventions, the program requires completing relevant steps invoked as pe r the required attributes and as per the upcoming interventions. In particular, a number of juvenile groups require adequate knowledge in establishing their rights. This also requires notable attributes that would cover several aspects of serious juvenile offenders. Due to changing values, thinking and approaches, the resultant establishment seeks to fully explore notable developments as enshrined in the constitution. This, hence, ensures that there is no compromise as far as military strength is concerned. There is also an aspect of possible

Management of Production and Operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Management of Production and Op geological erations - Essay ExampleThe idea of having a supply chain inwardly management became of immense importance in the beginning of the 20th century, when assembly lines were created. However it was not until the 1980s that the phrase SCM was by a consultant in the U.S. industry coined. The characteristics of the creation era of SCM include the need for re-engineering, large-scale changes, downsizing and extensive attention accorded to the practice of management by the Japanese (Lavassani et al., 2008b).The Integration era of SCM studies was brought around by Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) systems developments which occurred from the 1960s-1990s due to the launching of the Enterprise Resource Planning systems (Lavassani et al., 2008b). Given the advancement in collaborative systems that is profit based, the Integration era has continued to develop. It is characterized not only by cost reduction using integration but by the increase in foster addition as well.Globalization era is the third movement of SCM development. The attention accorded to world(a) systems dealing with supplier relationships and the getting bigger of organizations supply chains crosswise national boundaries into other continents is what characterizes this era. The supply chain of organizations, especially those organizations in the oil industry, started using world(prenominal) sources several decades ago.However it was not until the late 1980s that global sources were integrated into the bone marrow businesses of considerable numbers of organizations according to Lavassani et al. (2008b). The globalization of SCM in organizations with the aim of boosting their value addition, competitive advantage and cost reduction through global sourcing is what characterizes the globalization era.Phase one of the specialization era revolves around Outsourced Manufacturing and Distribution (OMD). Adoption of a specialization era and renewed focus on core

IBM Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

IBM - Assignment ExampleAccording to this case, IBM needed to make necessary changes in order to choke on the market. (p. 2) All other decisions related to this basic idea, such as speeding up the cycle of product development, integrating IBM as global organization, and simplifying the make for the customer fall under it. 2. In order to make those decisions IBM needs to undergo certain processes. They include the following finance, human resources, customer relationship management, bodied supply chain, and incorporated product development. Naturally, one area of organization always requires more attention than the others, and in this case it is Personal System Group who had the major(ip) problem with the supply. It is recognized that this area needs to be properly interpreted care of, because it is equally important to overall success of IBM as its any other part. In fact, given that Personal System Group is a computer manufacturer its role in IBM is integral. 3. Implementation o f an integrated system suggests that IBM will attain out of it, because it will resolve an issue it currently faces an issue of plants working as an independant units rather than one single unit. However, certain risks of doing this have to be taken into account. The time and complexity of the process could potentialy be problematic, given that not all the plants are on the same page.

Wrinkle in Time Essay Example for Free

Wrinkle in duration EssayIn A Wrinkle in Time by Madeleine LEngle (1962), 14-year-old Margaret (one thousand thousand) Murry finds herself in trouble and miserable. Her beloved father has disappeared, her five-year-old br some other, Charles Wallace, is the object of ridicule, and shes having enormous problems at school. Then, one dark and stormy night, she meets a fair sex with the odd name of Mrs. Whatsit, who seems to know more than she lets on and who leads zillion, Charles Wallace, and a popular boy from millions school, Calvin, 14, on a quest to find trillions father. This quest takes them to other planets and into great danger as they pass behind an evil presence called the Black Thing. The children and their extraterrestrial helpers, Mrs. Whatsit, Mrs. Who, and Mrs. Which, manage to rescue Mr. Murry from a prison planet, but leave Charles Wallace behind during the attempt. Mr. Murry uses a technique called a tesseract in order to jump from one planet to a nonher to make their hunt once the children free him from his prison cell. But because Mr. Murry is greatly inexperienced at tessering, which is how he ended up on a prison planet in the first place, zillion is almost killed.Once she recovers, she understands that only she can return to the prison planet by herself to rescue Charles Wallace because the two of them are very close. In the end, Meg is successful and the family is reunited back on Earth. I decided to select this book for my fictional character review because I remember no other book from my childhood enchanting me the appearance A Wrinkle in Time (LEngle, 1962) did when my sixth grade teacher read it aloud to us. The opportunity to direct at Meg from a different point of view intrigued me. Is she gifted? Does she have some kind of disorder?Perhaps she has dysthymic disorder, a kind of petty(a)-grade, long-term depression? Does she meet the criteria to be diagnosed with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)? Looking at the sto ry from this point of view opens up a whole new way of seeing this character, and the task of analyzing what Meg is experiencing and what her mother and teachers could have done differently to support her is what I hope to accomplish. One thing that the staff at Megs school and even Megs mother have failed to deal with is Megs grief over the loss of her father. Mr. Murry was a physicist who disappeared man doing top secret experiments for the government.Hes been gone for a year, and the government will provide no information about where he is or when, or even if, he will ever return. Megs mother lives in a kind of denial, expecting him back at any time, and so Meg has nowhere to turn to express her grief. She tries to hide her faceings like her mother does, but they just back up on her as she turns them inward. Perhaps because of this, I feel that Meg fits the criteria for a diagnosis of dysthymic disorder. For a child or a teen, two or three criteria must be met for a period of a t least a year in order to qualify (Diagnostic and Statistics Manual of Mental Disorders, 2000, p.311). I believe that Meg meets five of these criteria. Meg certainly suffers from low self-esteem and feelings of inadequacy. She calls herself a monster and a delinquent. She thinks that her 10-year-old twin brothers, Sandy and Dennys, are the only normal ones in the family. She feels her plainness acutely, with her mousy hair, her thick glasses, and her braces, and she compares herself unfavorably to her mother, who is a great beauty. Her teachers also compare her unfavorably to her brilliant parents right to her face. Meg feels that she is doing everything wrong. (LEngle, 1962, p. 7) Another criterion of dysthymia is feelings of pessimism and despair and a kind of hopelessness. Meg has been dropped to the lowest section in her class, and her teachers chastise her frequently for not trying and not being smart enough. She is grieving the loss of her father and his loving support. She is also subjected to loathsome town gossip, such as once overhearing a townsperson say, Ive heard that clever people often have subnormal children, and that the unattractive girl was not all there (LEngle, 1962, p. 13).All of these things have culminated in despair and hopelessness for Meg. She also suffers from subjective feelings of irritability or excessive anger (DSM, 2000, p 775). She dialogue back to and even shouts at her teachers and her principal, Mr. Jenkins, when they criticize her or bring up her fathers absence. In addition, when a boy a year older and 25 lbs. heavier than she is called Charles Wallace her dumb baby brother, she beat him up so badly that his mother called to complain (LEngle, 1962, p. 8). Another symptom of dysthymic disorder is Megs softness to concentrate on her school work.She faithfully does her homework every night, but when she gets to class, she can no longer remember what she read. I also feel that Meg meets the criteria established for Oppo sitional Defiant Disorder, although it is very hard to know exactly how much of an impact her dysthymic disorder has had on her ODD behavior since there is often some relationship between the two diagnoses and there are some areas that overlap. With Oppositional Defiant Disorder, there is a pattern of negative, hostile, defiant or disobedient behavior towards adults and/or authority figures that lasts for six months or longer (DSM, 2000, p.100). I feel that Megs ODD manifests in six different ways. The first three criteria betoken that she suffers from ODD because she frequently loses her temper, is quite touchy or easily annoyed, and she argues with adults who are in authority. At school, as I mentioned before, she talks back to her teachers and to the principal, she gets angry and shouts at them, and there was also the incident on the way home from school in which she beat up an older boy. She also has a pattern of actively refusing to comply with the rules of adults.In this case , Megs mother believes that Meg has set up a psychical block about maths. For most of her life, Megs parents tested her IQ and played a lot of math games with her. They know that she is gifted, and they taught her a lot of short cuts in math, so that Meg can in truth do math that is two grades above her. However, in 9th grade, the grade that Meg is in, the math teacher wants Meg to show her work she wants Meg to do the math the long way so that the teacher can see that Meg knows how she arrived at the result.This annoys Meg to no end as she thinks it is a total liquidate of her time, so Meg refuses to do it. Another criterion of ODD that Meg meets is doing things on purpose to aggravate other people. For example, when Meg is called into the principals office, Mr. Jenkins starts request her questions about her missing father. Meg starts shouting at him and when he asks her to keep her voice down, she refuses and just shouts all the louder. Lastly, Meg blames others for her misbeha vior. Its the teachers fault, or the principals fault, or the fault of the boy who taunted her.She does not take responsibility for her own actions. Its unfortunate that Meg has not received the moral health treatment that she needs. But its important to remember that the setting is 1962, and that the guidelines for these mental health disorders had not yet been established. School officials and teachers were often working in the dark and had no idea how to handle problem children like Meg. Her teachers berate her for not trying and the principal tells her that she must face facts about her fathers absence.Megs mother is doing her best to hold her family together in the face of humiliating rumors and the loss of the man she loves. Because of her own grief, it no doubt never occurred to her that Meg could use some professional help. In conclusion, one would hope that these days, Megs grief, her dysthymia, and her ODD would be identified by her teachers or her mother, and intercommu nicate by the school social worker. She should definitely be receiving help from a mental health professional.If the topic of the loss of her father is too sensitive for Meg to discuss with anyone at school, such as a school psychologist, then she should be offered the chance to talk to someone from another town. As it is, her main intimate and her emotional rock is her five-year-old brother, Charles Wallace, and although he is smart and mature for his age, he cant bear that burden for her. References American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistics manual of mental disorders (4th ed. , Text revision). Washington, D. C. American Psychiatric Association. LEngle, M. (1962). A wrinkle in time. New York Farrar, Straus, Giroux.

Samuel Becketts Waiting for Godot Essay Example for Free

Samuel Becketts delay for Godot EssaySamuel Beckett was born in Dublin, Ireland in 1906. Beckett was a playwright, writer and poet. He was considered to be one of the key writers who wrote in the style of the theatre of the absurd. The theatre of the absurd atomic number 18 plays in which the characters are caught up in hopeless situations and in a plot that is very expansive and without meaning. Becketts first play titled Waiting for Godot which was translated into English from French. Waiting for Godot was one of his most famous plays and is renowned passim the world. Beckett received the Nobel Prize in 1969 for literature and passed way in 1989.Samuel Beckett mappings many techniques to emphasize the minds of acquaintance, dependency, trueness, dubiousty and ambiguity. Beckett also uses various literature techniques such as puns and mirrors. The use of swarthy humor is utilize to lighten up the dim, dark vibe taken off by the situations and scenarios.The theme of u ncertainty can be witnessed end-to-end the play we see this from the use of language. We can see from the following summons taken from Act 1 page 16 where Vladimir and tarragon are having a conversation and Estragon says he should be here. He didnt say for sure hed come. And if he doesnt? This quote shows that both Estragon and Vladimir are both confuse and uncertain about whether Godot will arrive and if they were even meant to be waiting for him today. This might show the lack of self assurance, because Vladimir and estragon arent self assured and are eternally uncertain of whether what they are think is right and therefore they depend on each other to help. This also relates to another theme, the theme of friendship and dependency, that both characters entrust on each other and that without each other they would be hopeless.Friendship, dependency and loyalty are themes seen in the play. Even from the very beginning of the play the theme of friendship and dependency exists, o n the first page Vladimir says to Estragon that he would be nothing more than a little heap of bones without him. This friendship and dependency can be seen again when Estragon cannot take off his boot without Vladimir offering his help. During act one on page 32 Estragon tries to wipe Luckeys tears off his cheek but instead lucky kicks him.When Estragon whelps in pain and says I cant walk, Vladimir offers to carry him. This illustrates the friendship and loyalty that Vladimir and Estragon have towards each other. The theme of Loyalty cannot only be seen through Vladimir and estragon, but can also be seen through the relationship amongst gilded and Pozzo. Again on page 32 when Vladimir asks you want to get rid of him? Pozzo replies I do. Despite Pozzo allowing Lucky to depart, Lucky is reluctant to this shows the loyalty that Lucky had gained throughout the years that he has been with Pozzo.Another theme that appears within the dramatic works of Beckett is the theme of ambiguity. Ambiguity can be seen within the play Waiting for Godot in the way lines are being said. The language that the characters use is very unclear and allows different ways of thinking. An example of this is on page 29 when Pozzo places the electron tube in his mouth and says, The second is never as sweetas the first, I mean. But its sweet just the same. This quote struck me as being ambiguous because he first states that the pipe isnt as sweet as the second but then says its sweet just the same. I feel that Beckett might have used ambiguity to give the reader or audience the chance to see two different sides to the scene or dialogue. This is usually done using blackamoor humor, which allows the audience to both laugh and be serious at the same succession.Both black humor and comedy can be seen within the play. dumb humor and comedy is humor generated through topics that are considered to be taboo or laughter that is created from someone elses pain and suffering. On page 12 age Est ragon is struggling with his boot Vladimir asks It hurts? and Estragon answers Hurts He wants to know if it hurts. This shows the use of black humor because at this point everyone in the audience would be express feelings at Estragons hardship but at the same time wondering if it is right to be laughing. I think the Beckett might have used black humor to teach us a lesson. By using black humor Beckett allows the audience to laugh at others pain, but at the same time while laughing the audience is wondering why they are laughing and is it right to be laughing at someone elses suffering.The literature technique of mirrors is used within the play, many critics have wondered if Godot was meant to be God, this is because we never find out who Godot is. A quote that supports this case can be seen on page 19 when Estragon and Vladimir are talking about Godot coming and then they mention that they are waiting for him because its A kind of prayer and a vague supplication. This could be perc eived as Estragon and Vladimir asking God for advice or praying for Gods help.From the mirror of Godot we could say that Estragon and Vladimir can be seen as the two thieves that were crucified beside Christ. A quote that supports this can be seen in act 1 on page 14 when Vladimir begins to tell the story Our Savior. Two thieves. One is supposed to have been salvage and the other one damned. This quote could be interpreted as Estragon and Vladimir being the two thieves. I suspect that Beckett might have used mirrors to give meaning to the plot and shed some light on what is happening. If you imagine it as the two thieves asking and waiting God to come and forgive them and suffice them free.Through the use of various literature techniques such as mirrors, black humor and comedy, the reader can successfully reflect back on the issues and themes that are discussed and portrayed in this play. In conclusion, Beckett uses these techniques and themes to create meaning and shed some light on the gloomy and confusing plot. This then entices the reader and audience to restrain to watch or read and allows them to think much more about what they have just witnessed.