Heath Care Hall of Fame Museum Essay Example for Free

Heath Care Hall of Fame Museum Essay I have chosen to pay tribute to these five significant developments that I believe should be placed on display at the Heath Care Hall of Fame Museum. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Exhibit 1 The Affordable Care Act puts consumers back in charge of their health care. Under the law, which was signed in by President Obama in March 2010, it gives the American people the stability and flexibility they need to make informed decisions about their healthcare. Some major features of this change: a) Health plans cannot limit or deny benefits to children under 19 due to a pre- existing condition. b) If you are under 26, you may be eligible to be covered under your parent’s health plan. c) Insurers can no longer cancel your coverage just because you made an honest mistake. d) Your premium dollars must be spent primarily on health care – not administrative costs. e) Lifetime limits on most benefits are banned for all new health insurance plans. f) You may be eligible for recommended preventive health services. No copayment. g) Choose the primary care doctor you want from your plan’s network. Since this act has been set in motion millions of Americans have been able to provide healthcare for their family who may not have qualified for Medicare or Medicaid. Medicare Exhibit 2 The Medicare program paved the way for Americans over 65 who could not get insured. Under the law, which was signed in by President Johnson on July 30, 1965. Medicare pioneered the ushering of the U.S.government into the healthcare insurance business. Prior to the change it was almost impossible for anyone over 65 to affordable health insurance. Medicare pays billions of dollars to take care of our senior citizens, our disable and those with end stage renal disease. Some major features of this change: a) Part A – Hospital Coverage b) Part B – Medical Coverage c) Part C – Combines A B d) Part D – Prescription Drug Coverage Similar to Social Security, Medicare is an entitlement program. Most U.S. citizens earn the right to enroll in Medicare by working and paying their taxes for a minimum required period. Even if you didnt work long enough to be entitled to Medicare benefits, you may still be eligible to enroll, but you might have to pay more. The Ticket to Work and Work Incentives Improvement Act of 1999 Exhibit 3 The Ticket to Work and Work Incentives Improvement Act of 1999 allowed Americans with disabilities to join the work force without fear of losing their Medicaid and Medicare coverage. Under the law, this act was signed by Congress in 1999. Most disabled Americans are faced with an upheld battle of living day to day with a disability, this Act created a stepping stone for individuals that were born with these disabilities or those who unforeseeably encounter throughout their lifetime; this was their their way to improving their outcome on life. Vaccine Preventable Diseases Exhibit 4 For the past 2 decades there has been a tremendous amount of declines in cases such as hospitalizations, deaths, and health-care costs associated with vaccine-preventable diseases. Since the vaccines have been implemented with the current child immunizations there have been preventative number of  deaths such as 42,000 and 20 million cases of disease. This has showed an astounding amount of net savings rounding near the $14 billion dollar mark in direct costs and $69 billion in total societal costs says â€Å"Ten Great Public Health Achievements United States, 20012010,† 2011. Because of these vaccines the days of high mortality rates in children as well as young adults has fallen drastically as much as 97% in the age 20 bracket. This is a humungous achievement in healthcare. The WHO (World Health Organization) lists 25 diseases for which vaccines are available: 1. Anthrax 2. Measles 3. Rubella 4. Cholera 5. Meningococcal disease 6. Influenza 7. Diphtheria 8. Mumps 9. Tetanus 10. Hepatitis A 11. Pertussis 12. Tuberculosis 13. Hepatitis B 14. Pneumococcal disease 15. Typhoid fever 16. Hepatitis E 17. Poliomyelitis 18. Tick-born encephalitis 19. Haemophilus influenza type b 20. Rabies 21. Varicella and herpes zoster (shingles) 22. Human papilloma-virus 23. Rotavirus gastenteritis 24. Yellow fever 25. Japanese encephalitis The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Exhibit 5 Enacted by Congress in 1996, HIPAA is a complex law that has already begun to restructure health care. The effect of its Title 1 was to ensure the health insurance coverage of workers and their families when they change or lose their jobs. The law also prohibits cancellation of coverage because of pre-existing medical conditions. More sweeping, however, is the part of the law called â€Å"Administrative Simplification,† which required medical records to be computerized by October 2003. It is intended to reduce the costs and administrative burden of health care by standardizing the electronic transmission of many administrative and financial transactions. The standardization must also maintain the privacy of health information. As a result, the entire health care industry is involved in a costly high-tech upgrade of complex medical and financial documents to comply with the legislation. References World Health Organization, Global Vaccine Action Plan 2011-2020. Geneva, 2012. http://www.who.int/immunization/global_vaccine_action_plan/GVAP_doc_2011_2020/en/

Economics of Aquaculture United States :: essays papers

Economics of Aquaculture United States Aquaculture is the fastest growing "agricultural" industry in the United States. In 1990, there were over 100 species cultured; eight species accounted for approximately 70% of total culture, with over 3400 aquaculture operations in the United States. This trend is driven by increased demand for fisheries product and reduced yield from traditional fisheries landings (National Research Council, 1982). Given the increased demand, there is a significant potential for job creation in an expanded aquacultural industry. The estimated U.S. Total Aquaculture Production (including freshwater) has more than doubled from 139,887 metric tons with a total value of over $260 million in 1983 to an estimated 313,518 metric tons with a total value of over $724 million in 1992. (NMFS Statistics Division) The aquaculture industry supports an infrastructure of hatcheries, feed mills, processing plants, equipment manufacturers, and suppliers of specialty services and products, as well as enhancing the natural fishery with juvenile finfish and shellfish seed and spat. U.S. annual per capita consumption of fish and shellfish has increased since estimates were first made in 1909. At that time the per capita estimate was 11 lbs., in the 1950 and 60's it was well below 5 lbs., and in 1993 it was 15 lbs. (U.S. Department of Commerce, 1993). Most remarkable was the sharp rise in consumption from 1970 (about 4 lbs.) to 1990 (about 5 lbs.) The domestic seafood industry has identified a goal of increasing domestic seafood consumption to 20 lbs/per capita by the year 2000 although this appears unlikely. It is estimated that 10% - 14% of the fishery products currently consumed in the United States are aquaculturally derived. Changing consumer preferences combined with the reduction in the wild fishery appear to be the dominant factor in the growth of aquaculture. (FDA, 1990) Most of the United States' demand for seafood is met by imports. The value of imported fisheries products more than doubled during the 1980's, to $9.6 billion in 1989. This resulted in a significant trade deficit - $4.9 billion for all fisheries products and $3.1 billion for edible fish and shellfish in 1989. Imported fisheries products contribute more to the United States' trade imbalance than any other food or agricultural commodity. After petroleum products, imported seafood contributes more to the United States trade deficit than any other natural resources product.

Fabric Assurance by Simple Testing（F.A.S.T） Essay

Introduction Objective measurement is a scientific way to get a good understand about some basic properties of fabric. In this lab, FAST system can provide the accurate measurement to show compression, extension, bending and stability of fabric. The aim of this test is to predict how a fabric will perform when made up into a garment. For fabric manufactures,finishers and garment manufacturers, they can use the results of this test as a basis to do fabric specification, product and process development, quality assurance and process control(Giorgio M. Pier, 1995). Experimental 2.1 Test Methodology The F.A.S.T system, which was developed by the Australian International Wool Bureau, consists of three simple instruments and a test method. The FAST-1 compression meter gives a accurate measurement of fabric thickness at various load, and then surface layer thickness can be easily calculated. With FAST-2, the fabric bending length can be measured according to British Standard (Standard No.BS3356-1961). In this test, bending length is converted into bending rigidity which plays an important role in fabric handle. FAST-3 is testing for fabric extensibility at various loads. According to the results of this part, the ability of a fabric to resist buckling can be revealed. 2.2 Details of Samples Examined There are 9 fabric samples (A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I) which are all made up by plain-woven. According to the different sizes and types, those nine samples were divided into three groups. Table I shows the difference among those fabrics. 2.3 Apparatus & Procedure In the test, 5 fabric samples (A,B,C,D,E) are pressed under two different loads of 2g/㎠¡ and 100 g/㎠¡ respectively. The fabric thickness is displayed with a micrometer resolution on the screen. then surface layer thickness can be calculated. First of all, put sample A on the reference surface of apparatus and give a load of 2g/㎠¡ on the fabric. After hearing the â€Å"beep† sound, write down the data showed on the screen. Then do the same oation with a load of 100g/㎠¡, write down the data of T100. Repeat the steps with sample B,C,D,E,F. The FAST-2 works on the cantilever principle,which involves pushing a fabric over a vertical edge until it has bent to specified angle of 41.5Ëš. 6 samples are test in this part (warp A,B,C and weft D,E,F) light cut off the road, extending the length of the specimen holder is bending length, which can calculate the bending stiffness. At first, put the sample A on the plane of measurement instrument, then place a pressing plate on it and ensure the front of sample exceeds 10mm than the plate. Secondly, push the plate and sample forward slowly after the screen shows start. Keeping pushing until the green light turn to red, then push it back to make the light turn green again. Write down the data on the screen. The other five fabric samples are also tested in this way. FAST-3 extension meter measures the fabric extensibility in warp, weft and bias directions under three fixed low loadings (5g/cm, 20 g/cm, 100 g/cm). Firstly, ensure the whole test is did at a stable place. Put all the weight on one side of plate and fix the sample on the apparatus. Then remove the  first weight (75g), and turn the knob clockwise slowly. After hearing â€Å"beep† sound, extension of E5 is displayed on the screen. Next, remove the second weight (400g), so that E20 can be measured. Finally, removing all weights, get the data of E100. Repeat these operations with all 9 samples respectively. Discussion of Results & Conclusions After sorting and analyzing the FAST data, ten of them can be shown on the siroFAST CONTROL CHART FOR TAILORABILITY to assess their properties (as shown on the next page). The fingerprint of E100-1,B2 and G are in the shaded zones which means some potential problems influenced by that property is indicated. The data of F-1 and F-2 which was calculated from FAST-2 shows the good formability of both warp yarn and weft yarn, so that they will not form puckered seams either during or after sewing. Comparing with E100-1 and  E100-2, it is easily to find that weft yarn of wood has a lower extensibility than warp yarn. It means warp sample can move around during cutting, but it also causes problem with sizing, pattern matching at the sewing stage, because E100-1 falls into the danger range. As it was said by Jedda, â€Å" The parameter of bending rigidity relates to the difficulty with which a fabric can be deformed by bending. Bending rigidity is particularly critical in tailoring lightweight fabrics.†( Jedda.H 2007) According to the chart, both of warp yarn and weft yarn have a low values of Bending Rigidity which indicates problems in cutting, handling and sewing. Shear rigidity which is calculated from the bias extensibility measured on FAST-3 can reveal the ability of a fabric to resist buckling. For the bias samples in this test, they will be easily distorted in laying-up, marking and cutting, because the data of G is under the standard.

The Role of Drug Courts in Curing Addiction - 976 Words

The role of Drug Courts in Curing Addiction Introduction Drug courts in the United States need to undergo restructuring. This is because these courts’ jurisdiction over cases involving substance abuse need to be expanded if the problem of prison overcrowding is going to be effectively administered (power point notes). The drug courts aim at channeling nonviolent offenders into a rehabilitation treatment program that would help them abandon the habit instead of sending the same to prisons (power point notes). In prison’s, the drug addict stands no chance to correct their behavior because theirs is an abnormal case. This is not the only challenge encountered in administering of justice and corrective measures. They are several. Dealing with drug addicts is not easy. This is because drug addicts need to be treated as special cases so that the entire process can be successful. Racism is a major deterred to the success of justice execution in all aspects, especially on victims of drug abuse. It is common to see black Americans dru g victims being easily convicted than their white counterparts. However, Rebecca tiger presents an impeccable argument that drug addict ought to be treated more than just as a sick person. This effect nullifies the element of biasness as the focus is now directed on the â€Å"disease† and no the color skin of the victim. The end effect of implementation of this ideology is that the enlightened coerciveness in dealing with drug addicts is expected to go down,Show MoreRelatedBenefits Of Safe Injection Sites1804 Words   |  8 PagesSafe injection sites possess many salutary benefits related to public health safety of the drug using community. Safe injection sites provide a safe place for drug users to inject drugs into their bodies so they do not have to reuse needles and can also be supervised by nurses constantly while they do so. Insite is the sole safe injection site in all of Canada and the expansion of other facilities has been fiercely contested by policy makers not due to empirical criminological evidence, but simplyRead MoreLong Term Care-Hospice2974 Words   |  12 Pagesis a process to end-of-life care and a kind of support facility for terminally ill patients. It provides comforting care, patient-centered care and related services. Comforting care relieves discomfort without improving the patient’s condition or curing his illness. Hospice is extended in a healthcare facility or at home. Its objective is to provide compassionate, emotional, and spiritual care for the dying patient. The origin of the word â€Å"hospice† in medieval times meant â€Å"way station forRead MoreThe Marijuana Growers Guide9909 Words   |  40 Pages [18.7] Effects of the Environment on Potency [19] Stress [19.2] Nutrients [19.3] Harvesting, Curing and Drying Harvesting [20] Harvesting During Growth: Leaves and Growing Shoots [20.2] Male Plants [20.3] Harvesting Female Buds Read MoreCRM 1301 Midterm uOttawa Carolyn Gordon Essay10218 Words   |  41 Pagesdevils: groups that vise to be a threat to society. Modern Day ‘Witch Hunts A ‘witch hunt’ occurs any time a group of people persecutes another group unfairly, usually blaming that group for larger problems Modern day drug users/drug laws a ‘witch hunt’: Opium Act of 1908 (stricter drug laws) Emily Murphy’s The Black Candle-This book created a moral panic in society. Video Notes: The Burning Times After the roman times, women’s continued traditions of the old religion and were leaders, counsellorsRead MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 PagesC—Public Health Workforce Subtitle D—Adapting Workforce to Evolving Health System Needs TITLE III—PREVENTION AND WELLNESS TITLE IV—QUALITY AND SURVEILLANCE TITLE V—OTHER PROVISIONS Subtitle A—Drug Discount for Rural and Other Hospitals; 340B Program Integrity Subtitle B—Programs Subtitle C—Food and Drug Administration Subtitle D—Community Living Assistance Services and Supports Subtitle E—Miscellaneous DIVISION D—INDIAN HEALTH CARE IMPROVEMENT TITLE I—AMENDMENTS TO INDIAN LAWS TITLE II—IMPROVEMENT